![]() ![]() Accordingly, Shia Muslims believe the first proper authority over the Islamic people after Muhammad was Ali. Shiites, on the other hand, believe authority should be passed through the household of Muhammad. ![]() By that measure, Muhammad’s son-in-law Ali was the fourth to hold leadership. Sunnis believe the Islamic people should be led by a caliph, a role they bestow according to merit and consensus. The main schism between Shia and Sunni Islam is the proper succession of leaders from Muhammad. According to most Shiites, the last of these imams has been hidden from the world for many centuries, a concept referred to as occultation. Within Shia there are subdivisions, but nearly nine in ten Shiites are part of an approach known as Imamiyyah, or the “Twelvers.” This name comes from their belief in a dozen Allah-appointed spiritual leaders proceeding after Muhammad. This makes it more effective to describe Shia Islam according to its differences with Sunni doctrine. More than 75 percent of the world’s Muslims are Sunni, the sect typically thought of as “orthodox” Islam. Overall, Shia is estimated at 10–15 percent of the global Muslim population. Even in nations with a relatively large Shia presence, such as Pakistan, India, and Turkey, the denomination is a small proportion of those who adhere to Islam. Outside of Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, and Azerbaijan, Shia is a lopsided minority among Muslims. Shia Islam is highly concentrated in the Middle East. ![]() Its followers are referred to as Shiites. Shia Islam is the second-largest denomination of Islam worldwide it is also the state religion of Iran. ![]()
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